America in 1939. Cracks in the facade of manifest destiny and the Promised Land…
…In 1939 Italian hand organs were still heard in the streets of American cities, and Yiddish language movies were still made and shown. The cities and even the towns, with their Little Italies and Little Dublins, had a certain European flavor that has been lost. The great waves of European immigration that had rolled westward across the Atlantic in the early years of the twentieth-century were definitely over- during the thirties the combined effects of earlier restrictive legislation and the depression had slowed immigration from a flood to a trickle and finally to a drip- but one American in four was either foreign-born or of foreign parentage.
Nevertheless, such an astute observer as Bruce Bliven could still affirm that the United States was firmly dominated by the Anglo-Saxon Protestant found most characteristically in the small towns of the Midwest, whose religious tolerance was such that he could get along with any man, as long as that man had a religion- that is, wasn’t an atheist- and whose political tolerance could be extended to any Republican or Democrat but less easily, if at all, to a Socialist or Communist. This prototypical American of 1939 was probably a businessman; he was a booster of his town and his country, but was beginning to have serious doubts abut perpetual progress. As Bliven wrote, “One senses a growing and disturbed feeling that perhaps, after all, everything is not going to be bigger and better forevermore.” The typical middle-class man had the traditional American habit for self-improvement; and, of course, he often had his business troubles. Business failures in 1939ran at a rate of seventy per ten thousand, the highest since 1933.
The average John Q. Public certainly felt contemptuous toward that European and metropolitan institution, Society- which, nevertheless, was still influential enough so that the Sunday editions of metropolitan papers devoted a separate section to it and self-assured enough so that its debutantes and young matrons were often photographed on the front page of that section n bathing suits. The glamour girl of the year was the glamour girl of any year, the coy yet queenly Brenda Diana Duff Frazier. ( to be continued)…